Review of Villi Chorialis Necrosis in Preeclampsia Based on Lactate Dehydrogenase and Vitamin D Levels

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a cause of maternal-perinatal morbidity and mortality and ranks first as a cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Although the leading cause remains unclear, abnormal placentation is believed to be the underlying cause of endothelial dysregulation, leading to vasoconstriction and increased vascular permeability, which in turn contribute to the development of preeclampsia. Vitamin D, as an antioxidant, can help maintain the trophoblast invasion process and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing the formation of necrotic debris and maternal clinical deterioration.